Florida Supreme Court refused to confirm the decision of a lower court decision on the payment of major tobacco companies, the USA team plaintiffs $ 145 billion, which they demanded as compensation for damage caused to their health caused by smoking. The court found that the required amount "excessive in terms of the law". Moreover, in the opinion of the judges of the state Supreme Court, "a class action lawsuit was not suitable for very heterogeneous group of plaintiffs." Now, following the decision of the highest court in Florida, the successful appeal to the Supreme Court was unlikely the United States, American lawyers note.
Nonetheless, a victory for tobacco companies is still not a final. Florida Supreme Court left intact the data collected during the hearing, including the statement that smoking causes diseases and the development of addictive, and the fact that tobacco manufacturers agreed to conceal information about the dangers of smoking. Also, the court has restored the requirement for payment of the two-dollar damages to smokers suffering from cancer, which was initiated case.
A collective lawsuit plaintiffs now have a year to file individual claims. But, according to the experts, the total potential payment of these claims, in any case, will not be so significant for the tobacco companies.
As already reported, the lower court previously recognized the five largest tobacco companies in the United States guilty about 700 thousand diseases people who have filed a class action lawsuit, and ordered the tobacco giants to pay compensation in the amount of $ 145 billion This is a court case known as the "cause" Engla named one of the main plaintiffs, pediatrician Howard Engle. "Case" Engla was opened in 1994 on behalf of all citizens nicotine dependence dollars. However, in 1996, the terms of the plaintiffs had been narrowed to Florida smokers (about 700 thousand). In 2000, the court concluded that the tobacco companies are guilty of lying about the harm of cigarettes.
среда, 16 апреля 2008 г.
The ban on smoking is bearing fruit in Britain
More than a third of British smokers began to smoke less after imposed in England from 1 July this year banning "smoking" in public places.
This is evidenced by public opinion poll data.
The survey was conducted known British company "Ciao Surveys among 1 thousand constantly adult smokers Britons.
Nearly a third of respondents said that during the past six weeks have become less smoking in pubs and clubs, and even some 10% admitted that they have become less smokes cigarettes as a whole. True, totally abandon harmful habits only about 2% of the smokers. Every fifth interviewed said that the ban on smoking in public places have no effect on his lifestyle.
The British Government hopes that the introduction of non-smoking zones will help people overcome dependence on tobacco, as well as to save people from exposure to so-called "passive smoking" - inhaling cigarette smoke.
"We expect that as a result of the ban on smoking percentage of smokers in society will decline from 24 to 22%, in absolute terms that means a reduction of about 600 thousand people. however, a priority of the ban was to reduce the risk of passive smoking" - stated by the British Health Ministry.
Only in the UK more or less regularly smokes about 10 million people a year and smoking related diseases are the cause of death of some 600 Britons.
According to the results of previous surveys, about 30% of smokers, non-smokers and 90% of Britons were in flavour of a ban on smoking in public places: pubs, restaurants, clubs, hospitals, schools, public buildings and workplaces.
Almost all non-smokers and smokers, two-thirds of Britons believe that the atmosphere in the pub after the entry into force of the law to ban smoking became better. But many complain that the smell of tobacco now displaced other unpleasant aromas, in particular, the smell of sweat and spilled beer.
This is evidenced by public opinion poll data.
The survey was conducted known British company "Ciao Surveys among 1 thousand constantly adult smokers Britons.
Nearly a third of respondents said that during the past six weeks have become less smoking in pubs and clubs, and even some 10% admitted that they have become less smokes cigarettes as a whole. True, totally abandon harmful habits only about 2% of the smokers. Every fifth interviewed said that the ban on smoking in public places have no effect on his lifestyle.
The British Government hopes that the introduction of non-smoking zones will help people overcome dependence on tobacco, as well as to save people from exposure to so-called "passive smoking" - inhaling cigarette smoke.
"We expect that as a result of the ban on smoking percentage of smokers in society will decline from 24 to 22%, in absolute terms that means a reduction of about 600 thousand people. however, a priority of the ban was to reduce the risk of passive smoking" - stated by the British Health Ministry.
Only in the UK more or less regularly smokes about 10 million people a year and smoking related diseases are the cause of death of some 600 Britons.
According to the results of previous surveys, about 30% of smokers, non-smokers and 90% of Britons were in flavour of a ban on smoking in public places: pubs, restaurants, clubs, hospitals, schools, public buildings and workplaces.
Almost all non-smokers and smokers, two-thirds of Britons believe that the atmosphere in the pub after the entry into force of the law to ban smoking became better. But many complain that the smell of tobacco now displaced other unpleasant aromas, in particular, the smell of sweat and spilled beer.
Smoke Journal will appear in Russia. Analysts' Video International, the magazine considered a timely launch
Smoke Magazine comes to Russia. In the wake of amendments to the law on advertising, which could completely ban tobacco advertising, media Gameland license launches magazine for lovers of cigars. The publishing house bought the license for publication in the journal Russia Smoke from the American company Lockwood Pub lications Inc.
The first issue of the magazine will be released in April circulation of 30 thousand copies, 70% of which will be distributed in Moscow, and 30% - in the regions. Russian version will be the first Western authoritative magazine on cigars in Russia. Smoke Russia destined for aficionado (most sophisticated smokers), and for beginners fans cigars. Tobacco business - a new niche for the publishing house. Recall that Gameland more focused on the younger audiences and publishes such magazines as "Total Football", "Hacker", "Hooligan", "Your Business" and develops TV channel for gamers.
Analysts believe the market launch Smoke timely. It is known that from 1 May advertising of alcohol and cigarettes away from the Moscow metro: leadership has taken this decision in conjunction with the Moscow subway agency "Olympus". Also in early April, the State Duma was again introduced a bill on a total ban on tobacco advertising. The exception should be the place of sale of tobacco products.
"If the law will come into force - said in an interview with the Business & FM expert analytical center" Video International Alexander Yefremov - advertisers may move budgets for hidden advertising in magazines such as Smoke. " Mr. Yefremov said that the ban tobacco promotion in the outdoor advertising last year substantially increased its volume in the press. "If in 2006 the volume of tobacco advertising in the press fell by 8%, whereas in the past it has increased by 30%" - he adds.
The first issue of the magazine will be released in April circulation of 30 thousand copies, 70% of which will be distributed in Moscow, and 30% - in the regions. Russian version will be the first Western authoritative magazine on cigars in Russia. Smoke Russia destined for aficionado (most sophisticated smokers), and for beginners fans cigars. Tobacco business - a new niche for the publishing house. Recall that Gameland more focused on the younger audiences and publishes such magazines as "Total Football", "Hacker", "Hooligan", "Your Business" and develops TV channel for gamers.
Analysts believe the market launch Smoke timely. It is known that from 1 May advertising of alcohol and cigarettes away from the Moscow metro: leadership has taken this decision in conjunction with the Moscow subway agency "Olympus". Also in early April, the State Duma was again introduced a bill on a total ban on tobacco advertising. The exception should be the place of sale of tobacco products.
"If the law will come into force - said in an interview with the Business & FM expert analytical center" Video International Alexander Yefremov - advertisers may move budgets for hidden advertising in magazines such as Smoke. " Mr. Yefremov said that the ban tobacco promotion in the outdoor advertising last year substantially increased its volume in the press. "If in 2006 the volume of tobacco advertising in the press fell by 8%, whereas in the past it has increased by 30%" - he adds.
French smokers did not rent
Russian tourists gathering at the New Year in France, in addition to inconveniences caused massive strikes, expects another may not be the most pleasant novelty. Since January 1, the ban takes effect on smoking in bars, restaurants, cafes and discotheques. The truth is, and as far as France is not like it all. On Wednesday in Paris held a protest march, which demanded that the government and President Nicolas Sarkozy change the law on smoking. Police counted at least 6700 people in the convoy, airspace to Parliament. Basically this was cigarette sellers, the owners of bars and solidarity with smokers. Although the law was passed even before coming to power Sarkozy, it is seen as a package of its "modernization". And France is still one of the few countries in Western Europe, where cigarettes are still inseparable from the morning cup of coffee or evening glass of wine.
Just drinking a "national culture" and tried to opponents of smoking bans justify its inappropriateness. In the cafe, saying, we do not come to eat and chat with friends or to reflect alone. But nonsmokers ministers, parliamentarians and the public have been stronger. There has been only annual deferral for bars and restaurants. Confederation of traders in tobacco products, which also include owners of tobacco "bars", sees a threat to its business. Not hoping to repeal the law, they promise to abide by its "spirit", but call-up. For example, to allow in cafes and restaurants "smoking zone" by providing them an enhanced ventilation. No government adamantly. By the way, marched to the President of the Confederation of Rene Le Pap met with the head of France Rosaline Bashlo spokesman. For one assignment, she agreed to do: allow smoking in open terrace cafe.
Just drinking a "national culture" and tried to opponents of smoking bans justify its inappropriateness. In the cafe, saying, we do not come to eat and chat with friends or to reflect alone. But nonsmokers ministers, parliamentarians and the public have been stronger. There has been only annual deferral for bars and restaurants. Confederation of traders in tobacco products, which also include owners of tobacco "bars", sees a threat to its business. Not hoping to repeal the law, they promise to abide by its "spirit", but call-up. For example, to allow in cafes and restaurants "smoking zone" by providing them an enhanced ventilation. No government adamantly. By the way, marched to the President of the Confederation of Rene Le Pap met with the head of France Rosaline Bashlo spokesman. For one assignment, she agreed to do: allow smoking in open terrace cafe.
The laws on advertising too prohibitive, claimed tobacco companies
The three major Canadian tobacco companies on Monday appealed to the Supreme Court with a claim on the existing laws on advertising, which in their opinion, so limit actions tobacco product manufacturers that they can be tantamount to a total ban. As the representatives of Imperial Tobacco Canada, JTI-Macdonald and Rothmans, Benson & Hedges, they have a constitutional right to advertise, but current laws do not allow them to do so.
According to the 1997 Federal Law on Tobacco Industry, cigarette manufacturers could advertise only in establishments that only adults attend. According to Simon Potter, a lawyer Imperial Tobacco companies, it is impossible to observe the law, and therefore advertising of tobacco companies could be considered illegal.
- I find it hard to imagine an ad that could not count as aimed at, say, 17 - years of a child - he said yesterday in court.
Simon Potter wants the court to set precise limits on tobacco advertising, as well as that for tobacco companies distributed rules similar to those that apply to beer companies. Recall that the last before release advertising, it must agree with the Government.
Appeal to the Supreme Court of Canada was the latest step in a decade of struggle tobacco companies that had already applied to the provincial courts of appeal. In the Supreme Court against his attorneys general of New Brunswick, Manitoba, Saskatchewan, Quebec, Ontario and British Columbia, as well as the Canadian Society of cancer.
Yesterday's meeting of the High Court was the first and last in the case, a decision on which would be taken only after a few months.
According to the 1997 Federal Law on Tobacco Industry, cigarette manufacturers could advertise only in establishments that only adults attend. According to Simon Potter, a lawyer Imperial Tobacco companies, it is impossible to observe the law, and therefore advertising of tobacco companies could be considered illegal.
- I find it hard to imagine an ad that could not count as aimed at, say, 17 - years of a child - he said yesterday in court.
Simon Potter wants the court to set precise limits on tobacco advertising, as well as that for tobacco companies distributed rules similar to those that apply to beer companies. Recall that the last before release advertising, it must agree with the Government.
Appeal to the Supreme Court of Canada was the latest step in a decade of struggle tobacco companies that had already applied to the provincial courts of appeal. In the Supreme Court against his attorneys general of New Brunswick, Manitoba, Saskatchewan, Quebec, Ontario and British Columbia, as well as the Canadian Society of cancer.
Yesterday's meeting of the High Court was the first and last in the case, a decision on which would be taken only after a few months.
Spring 2008
In spring 2008, in anticipation of the new fashion season, Vogue AROME fan of cigarettes (and the package of cigarettes Vogue AROME, if any) is waiting for a new collection of original packs. At the same time, output will start bright collection campaign. Send Vogue AROME mood of the world, to convince advertising agency, can only artist, so to the development of new design concepts have attracted the French duo illustrators - Keraskot. The authors created a plot-fantasy, through the ornament which is barely visible shape of the letter V. Quiet
The concept of "Peace hidden my sentiment" is: "the personal space of women, hidden from the outside world, a secret, which kept her secrets and fantasies. Three new flavor - three unique moments, unbalanced unique impression… Maybe this terrace, filled sunshine, millions of pink buds blossoming garden, or city lights, illuminating the first meeting of joy? "Poetic truth?
With regard themselves as artists. Keraskot - alias creative duo consisting of Pommpyui Marie (Marie Pommepuy) and Sebastien Koss (Sebastian Cosset).
Pommpyui Marie was born July 26, 1978 in Brest (France). Even as a child, she drew well, but she has dreamed of stenographer. Having been in the 18 years of a bachelor's degree in science, she realized that her legal assistant careers no longer attracts and went to Paris to study art and sculpture and graphics, then took illustrate the medical and scientific literature. After School of the Arts in Zurich, she met Sebastien and for the sake of his left their jobs.
Sebastien Koss was born August 22, 1975 in Paris. As a child, he was confined, and a silent child in his school years at the painting attracted more desks than the classes themselves. After receiving a bachelor's degree in 1993, he began to study art and sculpture, after 2 years receive a diploma landscape painter, and then completely given his hobbies - animation and design illustrations. Replaced several smaller works in the art studios, in 2000, he won a contest animators, artists, where Marie meets.
After choosing a nickname in honor of the native village of Mari - Keraskot, "Duet" starts work on the illustrations for publications, then create advertising models, including the fashion industry, as well as participating in the preparation of several video clips. Finally, artists find themselves in animation.
Sebastien notes that since Marie surprisingly easy to work together: "We express their thoughts and feelings in a free form, despite the fact that our styles of painting is not similar. Keraskot - it is an organic combination of our paintings by the world, and we complement each other. Moreover, we have very different perceive painting, and if some of us do not understand how to complete the picture, another intervenes - all produced. " "We are also united by the fact that we both want to create living characters, regardless of the style of painting, mood, short-lived sensations" - adds Marie.
"We do not love in the graphic images of literalism - say Keraskot - often to illustrate the evil character appears on the face of evil and of good - in angelic image. In our view, the visual image of the character should not just talk about his character, every hero must have its uniqueness and be unique. "
The concept of "Peace hidden my sentiment" is: "the personal space of women, hidden from the outside world, a secret, which kept her secrets and fantasies. Three new flavor - three unique moments, unbalanced unique impression… Maybe this terrace, filled sunshine, millions of pink buds blossoming garden, or city lights, illuminating the first meeting of joy? "Poetic truth?
With regard themselves as artists. Keraskot - alias creative duo consisting of Pommpyui Marie (Marie Pommepuy) and Sebastien Koss (Sebastian Cosset).
Pommpyui Marie was born July 26, 1978 in Brest (France). Even as a child, she drew well, but she has dreamed of stenographer. Having been in the 18 years of a bachelor's degree in science, she realized that her legal assistant careers no longer attracts and went to Paris to study art and sculpture and graphics, then took illustrate the medical and scientific literature. After School of the Arts in Zurich, she met Sebastien and for the sake of his left their jobs.
Sebastien Koss was born August 22, 1975 in Paris. As a child, he was confined, and a silent child in his school years at the painting attracted more desks than the classes themselves. After receiving a bachelor's degree in 1993, he began to study art and sculpture, after 2 years receive a diploma landscape painter, and then completely given his hobbies - animation and design illustrations. Replaced several smaller works in the art studios, in 2000, he won a contest animators, artists, where Marie meets.
After choosing a nickname in honor of the native village of Mari - Keraskot, "Duet" starts work on the illustrations for publications, then create advertising models, including the fashion industry, as well as participating in the preparation of several video clips. Finally, artists find themselves in animation.
Sebastien notes that since Marie surprisingly easy to work together: "We express their thoughts and feelings in a free form, despite the fact that our styles of painting is not similar. Keraskot - it is an organic combination of our paintings by the world, and we complement each other. Moreover, we have very different perceive painting, and if some of us do not understand how to complete the picture, another intervenes - all produced. " "We are also united by the fact that we both want to create living characters, regardless of the style of painting, mood, short-lived sensations" - adds Marie.
"We do not love in the graphic images of literalism - say Keraskot - often to illustrate the evil character appears on the face of evil and of good - in angelic image. In our view, the visual image of the character should not just talk about his character, every hero must have its uniqueness and be unique. "
Подписаться на:
Комментарии (Atom)